When the duke stopped in the small village of Vassy to hear mass on March 1, 1562, he first demanded that the local Huguenot population not hold its service, and then had his retainers slaughter 30 of the Protestants and wound another 130 when they threw stones in response to his demands. Sebastian (French : Sébastien) de Poitiers (a.k.a Bash), King's Deputy was one of the male leads and the tritagonist. After intervention from the renowned physician Jean Fernel, Catherine went on to bear 10 children and subsequently ruled in the name of three of her sons after the . In fact, in a letter she told her inflexibly Catholic son-in-law, Philip II of Spain, that attempts at "cutting out the contagion" of Protestantism had only increased its spread. In the autumn of 1578, at the height of the wars, Catherine decided to meet with her son-in-law, Henry of Bourbon, the king of Navarre. The Guise family responded to this by cutting royal pensions and other expenditures aimed at pacifying the nobility. The Huguenots received 100,000 crowns and 6,000 men from Elizabeth I 's Protestant England, and Spain, in turn, favored the arch-Catholic cause. Henry III was the last of the Valois dynasty and has claim to be the only intellectual to have ruled…, The ruling dynasty of France during much of the Renaissance, the Valois gained the throne in 1328 when the last king of the Capetian dynasty died wit…, Medici, Cosimo de' 1389–1464 Florentine Banker and Statesman, https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/medici-catherine-de-1519-1589, Catherine de Médicis 1519–1589 French Queen and Regent. HENRY IV (FRANCE) (1553–1610; ruled 1589–1610), king of France and Navarre. In the midst of this chaos, Catherine de Medici proved that she was quite capable of taking to the battlefield to inspire troops and protect her son from capture by the Huguenots. Through the intervention of Doctor Jean Fernel, the royal couple went on to have 10 children. Affectionate towards the young Catherine, like Pope Leo X, his Medici papal predecessor, Clement VII took a special interest in the child when she was orphaned soon after she was born on April 13, 1519. Catherine de Medici. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. It is certain that Alessandro was in fact Cardinal Giulio de Medici's son, though forthe sake of expediency he had been attributed to Lorenzo, not least because Giulio . However several years after his birth, Diane was jealous of Henry's affection for Catherine still. Elisabeth. She married the future King of France and had ten children, including her favourite child, the late King Francis. Did Catherine de Medici have a deformed child? In 1508, still a cardinal, he successfully brokered the wedding between the wealthy banker Filippo Strozzi the Younger and Clarice deâ Medici, the daughter of Piero di Lorenzo deâ Medici, known as Piero the Unfortunate. Found inside – Page 371Catherine de Medici , born in 1519 , died in 1589 , having married Henry II . of France . 2. Alessandro , an illegitimate , who was either the son of ... Estelle Paranque * The BBC HistoryExtra 15 minutes Image source, Getty Images Caption, The life and legacy of the fascinating, unpopular and influential monarch. Found insideA History of the Food of Paris brings together archaeology, historical records, memoirs, statutes, literature, guidebooks, news items, and other sources to paint a sweeping portrait of the city’s food from the Neanderthals to today’s ... In this critically hailed biography, Leonie Frieda reclaims the story of this unjustly maligned queen to reveal a skilled ruler battling extraordinary political and personal odds -- from a troubled childhood in Florence to her marriage to ... Giulio had an illegitimate son, Alessandro, who he had ambitions to promote to Florence in preference to Ippolito and Catherine. One may also ask, did King Francis II have an illegitimate child? For nearly ten years, Catherine de Medici failed to produce an heir, though Henry had at least three illegitimate children by three different mothers, including Diane de France . "Medici, Catherine de (1519–1589) Neale, J.E. This proved to be a precipitous time for Catherine to strike, since that very month, as part of an old policy of forming alliances with moderate Huguenot leaders, she had arranged for her daughter Margaret of Valois to marry Henry of Bourbon (the future Henry IV), the new Huguenot king of Navarre. In 1527, after the Medici were ousted from Florence for a second time, Catherine was effectively taken hostage and, after a brief period at the Medici villa in Poggio a Caiano, she was put into the âcustodyâ of the nuns of Santa Lucia in via San Gallo before being handed over to the sisters at Santissima Annunziata delle Murate, where she lived happily for the next three years, unaware of how life-threatening her familyâs enemies were to outside the convent walls. Did Cosimo de Medici have an illegitimate child? When Henry was in danger and in need of financial assistance during his conflict with the duke of Guise, it was Diane who, at great risk, brought him 50,000 crowns which she had saved. Catherine de Médicis. In 1568, she dismissed the chancellor L'Hospital, who had increasingly come to be identified with a policy of toleration and coexistence. Women of Power: The Life and Times of Catherine de' Medici. Through the intervention of Doctor Jean Fernel, the royal couple went on to have 10 children. NY: Scribner, 1924. 0000001456 00000 n
Known as a beauty and fine equestrian, Diane was given the duchy of Chastellerault, until she took over the title and estate of Angoulême. In addition, to pay for the wars with rebellious Protestants, Catherine issued bonds, called rentes, which only increased the government's debt in a period of price inflation and bad harvests. Catherine de Medici was not fond of Mary Queen of Scots who came to the French Court as a child to be educated for her future role as the wife of the Dauphin. In addition to religious tensions, the French national public debt stood at 40 million livres in 1559, an enormous sum for the day. Born: 13 April 1519, Republic of Florence Died: 5 January 1589, France Parents: Lorenzo de Medici, Duke of Urbino, and Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne Known for: Being the queen mother of France during the reign of her three sons Husband: Henry II of France Children: 10, including Francis II of France; Charles IX of France; Henry III of France . Vive la France! Protestantism, an early 16th-century development, was making inroads in France, and much of Catherine's political career would be dedicated to issues surrounding religious strife. Diane de Poitiers (1499-1566)French duchess who was married at 15 to a man old enough to be her grandfather, then became, at 37, the mistress of a king who, though young enough to be her son, made her the most powerful woman in France. He was a sickly child with stunted growth. No one knows what he said, but he proposed a solution to the problem said to involve a prescription of pills of myrrh. Found inside – Page 371Catherine de Medici , born in 1519 , died in 1589 , having married Henry II . of France . 2. Alessandro , an illegitimate , who was either the son of ... Henry did have a bastard son, but not Bash. On April 3, 1559, yet another temporary peace was achieved when the Treaty of Câteau-Cambrésis was signed. Kingdon, Robert M. Myths about the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacres, 1572–1576. On September 1, 1533, Catherine left Florence forever and sailed five days later, with a large retinue and a flotilla of ships, from La Spezia to Villefranche, where she had to wait another month for Clement VII to arrive. The last two daughters were twins; one of the twins, Joan, died during the delivery and the other, Victoire, died a few weeks later. Still less than a year old, Catherine was taken to Rome to live under the guardianship of her great-uncle Pope Leo X, who, with tears in his eyes, was reported to have called her a "child of sorrow.". London: Methuen, 1979. Margaret was born Marguerite de Valois on May 14, 1553, in the royal family of Henry II and his manipulative wife Catherine de' Medici as their sixth child and third daughter among seven children. This was clearly a case of putting France's interests before the interests of family since Henry had abandoned Paris, his wife, and his Catholicism in 1576. On the death of 'Bloody' Mary Tudor in 1558, Elizabeth was considered illegitimate in Catholic eyes. She was born into the powerful Medici family of Florence. Catherine de Medici was never destined to be queen. Her mother Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne died of puerperal fever on April 28, and her father Lorenzo de Medici died within five days, more the victim of his life's dissipations than of grief. Found inside – Page 151See Medici, Giulio de' (illegitimate son of Giuliano de' Medici) in Medici Palace ... and Catherine de' Medici living with, 88 and Leo X, 77, 83–84 as pope. After intervention from the renowned physician Jean Fernel, Catherine went on to bear 10 children and subsequently ruled in the name of three of […] Answer: I believe the child to whom you refer was named Louise Marie-Therese, the "Black nun of Moret", in reference to the convent of Moret-Sur-Loing, near Fontainebleau. After intervention from the renowned physician Jean Fernel, Catherine went on to bear 10 children and subsequently ruled in the name of three of […] Catherine de' Medici (1519-1589) was a Machiavellian politician, wife of Henry II of France, and later rege…, Henry IV (France) (1553–1610; Ruled 1589–1610) The marquise of Mantua, Isabella dâEste, famous for her style and taste, sent large quantities of gold, silver and silk to Florence for its artisans to embroider and make into exquisite dresses, underwear, and black and crimson bed sheets. Both Clouet and Corneille de Lyon were outstanding painters, and they gave a concurring image of her appearance. Their relationship had issues not unlike any other. 0000001569 00000 n
Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. This was even more apparent when the pope finally used her to attain a marriage alliance to the benefit of the Medici family. John Philip. On August 25, the Crown even issued an edict calling for the massacre to stop, but the genie had been let out of the bottle. Found inside – Page 16Almost all the early Medici had natural children ) , whose lot was in ... The Cardinal Giulio de ' Medici , Pope Clement VII . , was the illegitimate son of ... John Philip is the illegitimate son born to his father, King Francis, and his mother, Lady Lola. Known For: Florentine banker and Medici patriarch who transformed the de' Medici family into the de facto rulers of Florence and laid the groundwork for the Italian Renaissance. Found inside – Page 15Indeed , this youth , known as Don Antonio de ' Medici , was recognized by the ... Giulio de ' Medici , Pope Clement VII . , was the illegitimate son of ... In an age when political stability was tied to the succession of legitimate monarchs, when governments were literally identified with individual kings, and when the term "Crown" was used interchangeably for both the monarch and the state, the chief responsibility of any princess or queen was the production of heirs. The World's 1st Opera Van Dyke, Paul. Born in Florence, then an independent city-state in Italy, on April 13, 1519; died in Blois, Anjou, France, on January 5, 1589; daughter of Lorenzo de Medici (1492–1519), duke of Urbino (and grandson of Lorenzo the Magnificent) and French noblewoman Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne (1501–1519); trained by private tutors in skills requisite of a Renaissance lady: languages, writing, rhetoric, dancing, riding; married Henry, duke of Orléans, the future Henry II, king of France (r. 1547–1559), on October 28, 1533; children: Francis II (January 19, 1543–1560), king of France (r. 1559–1560); Elizabeth of Valois (1545–1568, queen of Spain); Claude de France (1547–1575); Louis (February 3, 1549–1550); Charles IX (June 27, 1550–1574), king of France (r. 1560–1574); Henry III (September 20, 1551–1589), king of France (r. 1574–1589); Margaret of Valois (May 14, 1553–1615); Hercule, later confirmed as Francis (b. Her three other daughters did survive to adulthood. the lives of Catherine de Medici, King Henry II, and their children was completed. He is muscled and tall. Did Catherine de Medici have a deformed child? Catherine de' Medici was born on 13 April 1519 in Florence, Republic of Florence, the only child of Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, and his wife, Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne, the countess of Boulogne.The young couple had been married the year before at Amboise as part of the alliance between King Francis I of France and Lorenzo's uncle Pope Leo X against the Holy Roman Emperor . 0000010517 00000 n
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Found inside – Page 15Indeed , this youth , known as Don Antonio de ' Medici , was recognized by the ... Giulio de ' Medici , Pope Clement VII . , was the illegitimate son of ... Once Giulio deâ Medici became Pope, anxious to exploit her potential marriage marketability, he moved her to Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence, where she lived like a princess. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Over the years, Catherine gave birth to ten children of which five were daughters. When a plot involving the stockpiling of arms by French Protestant nobles was uncovered, the House of Guise responded by executing the Sieur de La Renaudie and many of his co-conspirators. They inherited a problem which had first reared its head on October 17, 1534, when a number of placards appeared in Paris denouncing the Catholic faith as idolatrous. Meanwhile, England has once again gotten itself into a mess over succession. Three days later, she was baptized Caterina Maria Romola; by early May, she was an orphan. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Alessandro was the last member of the main Medici bloodline. Name variations: Dianne de Poytiers, la grande sénéchale de Normandie; Duchess of Valentinois.Pronunciation: Di-ANN duh Pooah-TEAY. Her three other daughters did survive to adulthood. He has been given lands, . In conclusion, the "infertility" of Catherine de Medici was at least in part due to the penile deformity of her husband Henry II. Pronunciation: (Italian) MEH-dechee or MED-ee-chee; (French) MAY-dee-sees. Did King Francis have a child with Lola? This only exacerbated problems, creating enemies who turned to Protestantism as a rallying point for the anti-Guise opposition. Although small, vivacious, intelligent and educated, Catherine was not particularly beautiful, having inherited the strong Medici features and their protruding eyes. (September 22, 2021). However, the date of retrieval is often important. Other prominent Catholic League members were arrested, leading to an open revolt of the League in January of 1589. Catherine was marriage of political convenience. That same month, on January 5, 1589, Catherine de Medici died. As France and the Holy Roman Empire battled it out for domination in Europe, Clement VII seesawed from side to side in ongoing attempts to maintain his control in Italy. Catherine had reached the twilight of her political career. Once in possession of that information, she would try to neutralize dangerous factions by maintaining a balance of power. In March 1560, the post of chancellor to the king was vacant, and Catherine proposed Michel de L'Hospital, a man who had been trained in law at the University of Padua in Italy, wrote poetry, and favored the development of a compromise where Catholics and Huguenots were concerned. ." In conclusion, the "infertility" of Catherine de Medici was at least in part due to the penile deformity of her husband Henry II. Rejecting calls to have the child brought up in France, Leo X placed Catherine, now proclaimed duchess of Urbino, into the care of her paternal grandmother, Alfonsina Orsini, in Rome. As the imperious Queen Mother of France, Catherine controlled her sons just as Diane had controlled Henry for all those years. 29 0 obj <>
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In her last years, Catherine found in Henry of Bourbon an unexpected ally who could understand her policy and goals. Though fathered by Henry II out of wedlock, Diane de France was acknowledged by the king, legitimized in 1547, and fully accepted as a daughter of France. In fact, Beza's opening remarks started with an attack on the Catholic mass. Consequently, marriage negotiations began when she was a child and she had many suitors, including at one time Henry VIII's illegitimate son, the Duke of Richmond. Catherine de' Medici was married to the French King Henry II (1519- 1559) and was mother and regent (one who governs a kingdom in the absence of the real ruler) of three other kings—Francis II (1544-1560), Charles IX (1550-1574), and Henry III (1551-1589). Catherine's eldest son—and heir—may have been illegitimate. Did Marguerite de Valois have any children? "Medici, Catherine de (1519–1589) The mother was possibly a woman called Ursulina de la Peña. Married Henri, second son of the king of France. Princess Claude of Valois was born on November 12, 1547 in Fontainebleau, France, as the 2nd daughter & 3rd child born to King Henry II & his wife Queen Catherine de Medici. Catherine de Medici was aged twenty-four and had been married to Henry II of France for ten years, before she at last conceived a child. Did Francis II of France have a illegitimate child? Through the intervention of Doctor Jean Fernel, the royal couple went on to have 10 children. Found inside... of the kingdom by Catherine de Medici and her son the king, Charles IX, during which Isabelle de Limeuil famously gave birth to an illegitimate child, ... Subsequent to the surrender of the city in August 1530 and the return of the Medicis, Catherine was reunited with Clement VII in Rome, who now dedicated himself to securing her marriage to the duke of Orleans. Cosimo also had an illegitimate son, Carlo, by a Circassian slave, who would go on to become a prelate. mounted, and Antoine of Bourbon, king of Navarre, died in 1562, while Francis, duke of Guise, died early in 1563. However, with taxes already high, cannon and mercenary troops costly, and inflationary spirals dominating 16th-century economic life, the French Crown could not afford the war for long, and a truce was signed in February 1556. 0000008397 00000 n
He was born in the town of Pau, the…, HENRY III (FRANCE) (1551–1589), king of France. 0000003318 00000 n
Found inside – Page 16Francesco de ' Medici , the husband of Bianca Capello , recognised as his son a ... Giulio de ' Medici , Pope Clement vii . , was the illegitimate son of ... . Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps, Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Though the young Prussian princess had been imported to . He's the illegitimate son of Henry and his favourite mistress, Diane de Poitiers. The eldest son of Henry II and Catherine de Médici, Francis was married in April 1558 to Mary Stuart, queen of Scots and niece of François, duc de Guise, and of Charles, cardinal of Lorraine. NY: Harper and Row, 1962. Machiavelli's The Prince — the so-called "textbook for tyrants" — was dedicated to Catherine de' Medici's father, and it was rumored that each of her children carried a copy with them at all times. 22 Sep. 2021
. Alessandro's half-sister Catherine de' Medici — his father's only legitimate child — had already married into the French Valois family, the Habsburgs' great rivals, and would go on to . The other one, called Theodea or Theodora, was born closely after Juana in Bologna (Italy) circa 1523. Found inside – Page 16The Cardinal Giulio de ' Medici , Pope Clement VII . , was the illegitimate son of Giuliano I. Cardinal Ippolito de ' Medici was also a bastard , and he was ... Catherine was able to ease over the initial tension which thereby resulted, but the colloquy only demonstrated the extent to which many Catholics and Calvinists viewed each other as heretical and morally reprehensible. O�b0Հ}����T�T��QAIi�*����$J ��Ŕ��C?�Z���s]ݹ�����0�#���J^�^����������e�sf;+�e[���nj�5p�����w?����Y�e 7�>ȃ&��D�y�
�\�@'�j/�ͥ��t'%� In 1527, the Medici were overthrown by a faction opposed to Giulio de Medici, who had been elected as Pope Clement VII in 1523. He is warm and comforting toward people he cares about or even . Found inside – Page 16Francesco de ' Medici , the husband of Bianca Capello , recognised as his son a ... Giulio de ' Medici , Pope Clement vii . , was the illegitimate son of ... Catherine readily told the royal council that he would thus occupy first place in the council, advising the queen regent and her son in all matters. %PDF-1.4
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Pilot Left Behind Dirty Laundry Long Live The King Banished The Hound and the Hare Catherine . Found inside – Page 15Indeed , this youth , known as Don Antonio de ' Medici , was recognized by the ... Giulio de ' Medici , Pope Clement VII . , was the illegitimate son of ... 2 vols. In 1581 the world's first ballet was performed in France for the court of Catherine de' Medici. Even Catherineâs trousseau was of the finest fabrics. . Henry might not have had a high opinion of Catherine, but their kids adored her. Found insideFor this new edition the author has added a new chapter on patronage and the arts. Claude of France (November 12, 1547 - February 21, 1575) was the second daughter of King Henry II of France and Queen Catherine de' Medici. or Long Live Calvin! Throughout all this, Catherine continued to issue edicts of toleration, even as she made war. Increasingly, Catherine thought in terms of a bold stroke to eliminate the conflict. Her eldest daughter was Elisabeth, and she was born on 2 April 1545. Given the numbers and general sentiment, Catherine gravitated toward the Catholic side. Meanwhile, the House of Guise wished to extirpate all Protestantism. 0000000736 00000 n
Henry IV helped to end the…, The first monarch of the Bourbon dynasty of France, Henri IV was king from 1589 until his assassination in 1610. To the present day, many still see the massacre as a premeditated plot concocted by Catherine, Guise, Charles IX and a few others—the wedding celebration merely being a lure to draw the Huguenot leadership out into the open. Margaret and her husband had only one surviving child: Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy who was born in January 1562, when Margaret was 38 years of age. When Giulio deâ Medici, the illegitimate son of the assassinated Giuliano deâ Medici, became Pope Clement VII in 1523, his position proved not to be an easy one. Huguenot tracts and pamphlets would often now place the blame for Protestant misfortunes on a manipulative Catherine, who was wildly accused of being the poisoner of numerous individuals who stood between her and power. Name variations: Catherine or Katherine de Médicis or Medicis; Catherine de' Médici or de' Medici; Caterina Maria Romola; Caterina de Medici or Caterina de Médicis. NY: St. Martin's Press, 1963. To help finance this huge amount, the penny-pinched pope borrowed 80,000 écus from Filippo Strozzi in exchange for a gold, gem-encrusted clasp by Benvenuto Cellini, which Strozzi was forced, by another pope, to return without ever recovering his money. Henry II immediately claimed the English Crown for his daughter-in-law, thereby uniting France and Scotland with England and Ireland. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Does Mary and Francis have a baby? Fond of hunting, she was an accomplished rider who introduced a style of riding sidesaddle which, for the first time, allowed women to trot and gallop alongside men on the hunt. Young Catherine was not part of the escape, and she would be held hostage by the rebel republic until August 1530, when the Holy Roman emperor and king of Spain, Charles V, restored Medici rule on behalf of Pope Clement VII. Cosimo de' Medici has recently risen from the history books, taking his place on the silver screen in the form of actor Richard Madden. Found inside – Page 257de Nemours , the Duke of Urbino , Catherine's father , Pope Leo X ... was the illegitimate son of Giuliano I. Cardinal Ippolito De Medici was also ... French duchess of Montmorency and Angoulême . Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Though Catherine's father bore the impressive title of duke of Urbino, the Medici family's roots were mercantile rather than noble. In Inquisition, it is revealed that Clarissa is the illegitimate daughter of Catherine de Medici and was born with a birthmark on her face. Diane de Poitiers and Prince Henry were together before he married Catherine de' Medici. peace and order. In desperation she had turned to a Doctor, Jean Fernel, for advice. Died: August 1, 1464 in Careggi, Republic of Florence. Here are 10 facts about the formidable Catherine de' Medici: 1. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. In April of that year, Henry III drew up an alliance with Henry of Bourbon, the Huguenot king of Navarre. Finally, on January 19, 1543, her father-in-law's patience was rewarded with the birth of a grandson who would bear his name and eventually become King Francis II of France. Her mother Madeleine de la Tour dâAuvergne, the countess of Boulogne, died probably of puerperal fever two weeks after the birth, to be followed six days later by her father, Lorenzo deâ Medici, duke of Urbino, who is said to have died of syphilis, complicated by tuberculosis. Found inside – Page 25Cardinal Ippolito de ' Medici was also a bastard , and he came very near becoming ... -A bright girl can always find a way to have children , -apropos of a ... In conclusion, the "infertility" of Catherine de Medici was at least in part due to the penile deformity of her husband Henry II. Catherine de' Medici He lingered until July 10, 1559, when he died. Found insideWe must, moreover, do the illegitimate children of the house of the Medici ... Julius would not have acted otherwise than as he did in the affair of Spain. 11. The Italian republic of Venice quickly received word from its representative that "the Queen Mother is considered the one whose will is supreme in all matters.". One can only imagine how this must have made Catherine de Medici feel, but it is a beautiful tribute that Henri made to his favourite. New rentes were used to pay old debts as the wars consumed revenues as well as lives. Found inside – Page 23Thus Alessandro de ' Medici , who assumed the title of Duke della città di ... was the son of the Duke of Urbino , Catherine's father , by a Moorish slave . Henry did have a bastard son, but not Bash. Catherine de' Medici. Throughout the rest of the country, Huguenots attacked Catholic churches and Catholics set upon Protestant congregations. Casualties. At first, Catherine was cared for by her paternal grandmother, Alfonsina Orsini, but when she died in 1520, she stayed with her aunt, Clarice de Medici. 2. On the death of 'Bloody' Mary Tudor in 1558, Elizabeth was considered illegitimate in Catholic eyes. Her writing focuses on modern Italy, its people, its history and its customs. https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/medici-catherine-de-1519-1589, "Medici, Catherine de (1519–1589) Found insideThus Alessandro de' Medici, who assumed the title of Duke della città di Penna, ... Some historians have indeed supposed that Alessandro was the son of ... Catherine de' Medici (Italian: Caterina de' Medici), Dowager Queen of France, is one of the main characters of the series.She is the widow of Henry II and the mother of ten children: Francis, Louis, Charles, Henry III, Elisabeth, Claude, twins: Emone and Henrietta,Louis, Margaret, and Clarissa..
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